[Mister C] What time is it?

-It's science time.

-It's science time.

♪ Oh, science, science, science time ♪ ♪ Let's all stop and just unwind ♪ ♪ One, two, three, four here we go ♪ ♪ Learn so much your brain explodes ♪ ♪ Lessons so cool, so fresh ♪ ♪ It's so great, you'll lose your breath ♪ ♪ Learning facts and real cool stuff ♪ ♪ Scream for more can't get enough ♪ ♪ It's, it's science time ♪ ♪ It's fun, you best believe it ♪ ♪ Explore and learn new things ♪ ♪ Come and join me please ♪ I'm Mister C and this super smart group is my science crew.

Working together with my crew makes learning so much fun.

Actually, you should join us.

Let's give science a try with a simple DIY.

(upbeat music) Today we're learning about color.

What time is it?

-It's science time.

-It's science time.

All right, so the primary colors of light are red, green, and blue and the primary colors of, whoa.

Hey, how are you today?

Welcome back to DIY Science Time.

My name is Mister C and I'm super excited that you're here to be part of our crew today.

(logo snaps) Today we're talking about color and we're gonna talk about how we can mix together the primary colors of light, red, green, and blue, to make different colors.

And we're also gonna talk about mixing together pigments like we find in paints and markers and what happens when we mix those things together.

What's amazing is that those things do different things and that's what we're going to explore today.

Color.

Color, color, color.

We're making DIY watercolors.

You'll need the following items.

Small containers, measuring cup, food coloring, a mixing bowl, vinegar, corn starch, baking soda, and of course, you can't forget to grab your picture perfect science notebook.

A science notebook is a tool that every scientist should have because it gives us a place to record all of our learning.

Taking notes and being organized allows us to be better scientists.

A science notebook allows us to go back and review all of the data and information we've gathered during our experiments.

Plus it allows us to share results with other scientists who might be interested in learning more about what we've discovered.

Whenever you see the notebook pop up on the screen, -like this, -(chime tinkles) it's a reminder that this is a good place for us to jot down new information during the show.

I've already added a title and a list of materials for today's activity, but our crew is still gonna have lots of information to collect and organize as we go through our experiments.

Most importantly, the more you use a science notebook, the better you'll get at taking notes and recording data.

If you don't have a science notebook already, download a copy of Mister C's science notebook from the website.

Exploring light is a delight and today we're gonna talk about white light and what actually makes white light white.

So, think about this.

When you look at an object and it's white, that means all the colors of the visible spectrum are bouncing to your eyes.

Isn't that weird to think about?

Mixing together color gives us white.

See, this flashlight is white, but what makes the color white white are three unique colors red, green, and blue, the primary colors of light.

And we're gonna be taking those right now, mixing them up, and exploring what happens when we mix them together.

Lots of mixing going on.

Are you ready?

Let's turn off the lights.

This is perfect.

Now, you can see here that I have a white light.

This white light, when it hits the table or the paper, it's bouncing off.

There's nothing being absorbed on this paper so it allows us to see the paper as white.

But if I take a color like red, the red is hitting the white paper and the red is bouncing to my eyes.

So I see red.

But what happens if I take red and I mix it with blue?

So right now they're about the same size.

If I cross it over, make a prediction, what do you think is gonna happen?

Oh, it's magenta.

That is beautiful.

What do you think will happen if I take green, the other primary color of light, and mix it with the red?

Do you have a prediction?

Here we go.

Oh, it's yellow.

Did you expect that to happen?

Oh, that is so cool.

So now we have red and green gives us yellow, blue and red gives us magenta.

But what happens if we take blue and mix it with green?

We get like a cyan, like a light blue.

Oh, that's cool.

Ooh, what if we try all three of them together?

So we take all three primary colors of light, red, green, and blue, and we mix them together.

Can you see it?

That is awesome.

You can see in the center it's white, white light.

When we mix all the colors of light back together, we produce white.

And you can see the secondary colors, the cyan, magenta, and yellow and you can also see the primary colors in this.

The red, green, and blue.

But you know what?

Let's try this another way where we lay the flashlights down because it's kind of hard to do this one handed without a science crew member.

All right, let's give it a try.

This is so much easier having them on the table.

So, here we go.

I'm gonna pull off the green and you can see green starts to flood the table.

So now when I mix my red with the green, I get my yellow.

And what's even cooler?

I can put my finger right here and I get two shadows essentially.

One is green and one is red.

Isn't that amazing?

That's so cool.

Okay, let's mix in the blue.

And here we go.

Right here on the corner where the blue and the red are mixing, we have the magenta.

We have the yellow right there.

And then here in the center where they're all mixing I got white.

Now, I can take an index card that I folded, I can just set it here, so we can see the white light hitting that card.

But what I can do is I have another index card that has a little teeny tiny slit in it and now what happens is the lights are all hitting the first index card, and you can see that the color they make when they combine, it's white.

But the little slit allows the light from each of the flashlights to continue traveling onward.

See, light wants to go forward as far as it can.

It's gonna keep traveling in straight lines until something stops it.

And that's what happens at the second index card.

The blue light is traveling through and now that it's no longer mixed, we see the blue beam happen again.

We see the same with the red beam when it comes out all by itself and then the green beam.

But we can also use our fingers and just have fun making like puppets.

(vocalizing) (gasps) We should try to make that bigger, don't you think?

Colorful shadows!

(dog barks) (imitates dog growling) -Bird.

-(birds twittering) Rabbit.

(Mister C laughs) (gentle upbeat music) (imitates wolf howling) -(wolf howls) -(imitates wolf howling) Alligator.

(imitates alligator hissing) Spider.

LEDs or light emitting diodes are a type of light that can be used to create colorful displays.

Each LED has three colored diodes in it, red, green, and blue.

These three LEDs combined can create an infinite number of color options.

TVs, signs, displays, and even home lights can create amazing colorful effects from just a single set of lights.

Red, blue, and green.

These are the three primary colors of light.

If we mix those colors of light together, we can see and make new colors.

This flashlight is covered with a red filter, so we can only see red coming from it.

And this one is showing blue.

Once we mix the red and blue together, we see a completely new color, magenta.

What color do you think we'll see if we try to mix red and green.

Oh wow, it's yellow.

Now, let's try mixing blue and green.

That's so pretty.

We call that cyan.

When we mix the three primary colors of light together, we get white.

(upbeat music) (upbeat music continues) I'm back with my crew and today we are going to be making color spinner wheels and we're talking about light.

Are you guys ready to explore light and how we can mix it together?

[Crew] Yeah!

I am too.

I'm so excited about this because these wheels are spectacular spinners.

All right, so here's the thing.

What time is it?

[Crew] Science time.

Let's get rolling.

Building a color spinner is super easy and super fun and you'll need some simple materials.

Paper, markers or colored pencils, cardboard, scissors, some glue or some tape.

Use the colors of the rainbow to create a pattern of your choice.

Try different combinations to create your own unique patterns.

Remember the seven colors of the visible spectrum mixed together will give you white.

There's no right or wrong on this guys 'cause when you start spin this together, those colors are hopefully gonna mix together and we're gonna see what they do.

And because we all have different patterns, I'm curious to see what they turn out.

Should be awesome.

I used colored pencils and markers because I used the colored pencils for like a trace because markers can't be erased.

So I used the colored pencils lightly and after that I got my marker for the same exact color that I traced my colored pencil with and I colored over it.

[Mister C] Tape or glue your white paper onto the cardboard.

(upbeat music) Cut out the circle from the cardboard.

(upbeat music) Poke two little holes in the center.

Move your string through it Like this?

Yeah.

[Mister C] And then get it spinning.

(upbeat music) Oh, it's doing it.

It's doing it.

So I, the colors that I picked were light red, orange, green, light blue, dark blue, and purple.

I use these colors 'cause I wanted to make the rainbow on my color spinner.

It kinda turned white in the middle area where all the colors were spinning.

This might take a while.

(upbeat music) (upbeat music continues) Mister C, look.

Yours like kinda looks like white, like he showed in the- Oh, that is wiggy.

[Crew Member] Ooh.

[Crew Member] Whoa!

[Crew Member] Because wait.

[Crew Member] It kinda looks like a watermelon, look.

It does, yeah, the center when it's like (gibbering).

That was bad.

So, I decided to do blocks because I just thought that it looked really cool to do blocks and I wanted to try different sizes of blocks, like small, long, skinny, big.

I just thought that would be a good idea and it turned out pretty well.

The first time I spun it, these colors were too close to the center so it wasn't really mixing well.

So I decided to move it farther away, the purple and the blue, and it turned out really well.

(upbeat music) The trick to making this work is you have to be able to spin it very fast and you do that because you spin it like really fast.

And once you get in the center and you feel it, then you like pull it and then that makes it go super fast and then you can see all the colors.

(upbeat music) It takes a second to get that, like that feel but once you get it going and you can feel it in the center, that's the trick.

Now, once you get it to pull, pull gently and it's going to pull.

(crew member laughs) And then when it winds back up, just give it a gentle pull again.

And then you just keep the pattern going, keep spinning.

You wanna stop winding and then you pull it back out.

It's like an accordion.

(mumbling) So, my favorite part of this was just like trying to combine like kind of like making patterns and combining colors.

I did have an issue whenever I was poking the holes to put the string through, I ripped it and we had to put double the cardboard right here and then we had to re-poke the holes, we made the ripped to one one hole and then we made another big one so it could still spin it.

(upbeat music) Oh, what an awesome time building these color spinners, don't you guys think?

[Crew] Yeah!

Yeah.

I noticed right away that everyone had these amazing patterns and it was so much fun.

So I'm gonna challenge everyone at home to build a color spinner wheel.

Download the template online and be sure to show your families and friends the different colors you can make using the primary colors of light.

Oh, I just broke mine.

What time is it?

[Crew] Science time!

Yeah.

You can create amazing art which is a flashlight and a camera.

Cameras create an image when a shutter opens.

This allows light to hit the sensor for a very short period of time.

If we leave the shutter open longer, we can paint with our flashlight onto our image.

This is an art that can really brighten up your day.

(uptempo music) Seems we can already draw some interesting conclusions.

Let's add information to our science notebook.

I added a chart of the primary colors of light and a template for our color wheels.

The crew's wheels all turned out so well.

I have so many other color patterns I want to try.

Chromatography.

Let's use the power of science to see what makes our markers mark.

Chromatography is a process for separating components of a mixture.

Grab a coffee filter and your favorite colored markers.

Draw a circle on your coffee filter and allow it to dry.

(filter whooshing) Now, fold your filter in half, then quarters, and if you want, fold it one more time into eighths.

Place the corner of your folded filter into a cup of water and wait for the water to move up the filter.

How cool is that?

The water allows the pigments in the ink fixture to separate across our filter.

Boom!

Chromatography.

Each color of marker is made up of a unique combination of pigments.

The water and coffee filter allow that mixture to separate.

Can you guess which color pigments make up other colors?

You should try more markers to find out.

What beautiful art.

Most of us are familiar with mixing paint.

We have three primary colors when it comes to paint, red, blue, and yellow.

If we take yellow and mix it together with red, we can produce orange.

We can also mix blue with yellow to produce green or blue with red to produce purple.

Orange, green, and purple are called secondary colors.

But did you notice what happened in the center where all the colors were mixed together?

It created black.

That's because that mixture of pigments is absorbing all the colors of light.

A car's color is actually the color of light being reflected to your eyes.

Red vehicles only reflect red light.

Blue vehicles only reflect blue light.

White vehicles reflect all of the colors of light.

And a black vehicle absorbs all the colors of light.

(upbeat music) Science is the light of my life and with just a simple stroke of a brush, (colors whooshing) we can create beautiful artwork.

And what do we need for that?

Watercolors.

So that's what we're making right now.

First thing we need to do is grab some baking soda (tools clattering) and then we're gonna take half a cup of baking soda.

(upbeat music) We're gonna put it into this bowl.

And then we're going to add a quarter cup of cornstarch.

(upbeat music) (upbeat music continues) Now I'm gonna just mix this up a little bit.

(upbeat music) (upbeat music continues) And now we're going to add 1/3 cup of vinegar.

(upbeat music) Just a side note, this can get extra messy because the vinegar and the baking soda create a chemical reaction that gets a little foamy.

(upbeat music) (upbeat music continues) That was awesome.

(upbeat music) (upbeat music continues) All right, now that we have it mixed up really well, we're going to set some things aside and we're gonna get out our containers.

Now that I have my little container set out, I'm going to take my mixture and I'm going to pour it.

I'm gonna pour just a little bit into each of my containers.

So that's a spoonful I'm gonna go with.

I'm just gonna go with a spoonful.

(upbeat music) I'm using little containers that have lids.

That way when I'm done with my painting, I can cap it off and I don't have to worry about making any spills or any messes.

(upbeat music) You can use any container that you want.

(upbeat music) (upbeat music continues) Perfect.

So right now I have my little containers for my watercolors and I'm gonna add some colors.

I'm going to actually make mine like the color of the rainbow.

So for the red I'm gonna put about two drops.

Orange is red and yellow.

(upbeat music) Then we have yellow.

Green is blue and yellow.

(upbeat music) Then we have blue and purple, which is mixture of red and blue.

(upbeat music) And then for the black, I'm just putting a whole bunch of drops in of each of the colors to make it really dark and hopefully we get a black.

All right, now that I have all of my things prepped and ready to go, I'm gonna mix these up and I have a separate spoon for each of them because I don't wanna contaminate any colors.

So I'm going to mix this up.

(upbeat music) Nice.

(upbeat music) Oh, this can get messy.

(upbeat music) (upbeat music continues) Oh, I am making a mess.

(upbeat music) But that looks really good.

Look at those colors.

They look amazing.

A little bit messy but it should turn out really well.

And here's the thing, you need to let these sit overnight so that they can dry and then we'll be able to paint with them.

(bell dings) (no audio) (bell dings) Add a little of this, subtract a little of that.

Additive and subtractive colors are so cool.

I wrote down our paint recipe so we can make more colors later.

What colors are you going to make for your watercolor set?

Mister C, our fridge is going to look fabulous.

Now it's time to actually test our water colors.

I'm so excited.

They turned out beautifully.

Look at these colors.

They are so vibrant and they look amazing.

I'm thinking they're gonna paint very nicely.

All right, so we have to basically add water back to them to make them water colors.

So, let's test each one first.

(gentle music) Here's our red.

Oh, that looks amazing.

(gentle upbeat music) (gentle upbeat music continues) (gentle upbeat music continues) (gentle upbeat music continues) (gentle upbeat music continues) They look so good, don't they?

(gentle upbeat music) The purple's kinda brown.

(laughs) (gentle upbeat music) The black.

Oh.

So we have red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple sort of, and black.

Aren't they beautiful?

The colors turned out great.

I'm gonna have to do some research to figure out why my purple didn't turn purple.

It's more of a brown, but that's okay.

We can work on that later.

But for now, we have an amazing palette of colors that we can actually make a beautiful piece of art with.

Are you ready?

I'm ready.

I'm gonna get some new water so that I can start over and I'm gonna make a beautiful, beautiful portrait for all of you.

Let's do this.

Let us make some art together.

(gentle upbeat music) (gentle upbeat music continues) (gentle upbeat music continues) Now I'm going to add some outlines to make the colors pop even more.

(gentle upbeat music) And lastly, anytime you make art, you have to sign it.

(gentle upbeat music) Oh, look at that.

It's a thing of beauty.

And look at my sun.

(chuckles) He's having so much fun shining sun rays onto these beautiful flowers that are just growing and growing.

Speaking of growing, that was awesome.

We were able to make watercolors.

But if you think your watercolors need to be richer or darker, you can make adjustments to that recipe.

And if you do that, hop online and download your DIY Science Time notebook.

Jot down all your information for what you did and make sure that you have that recipe so if you make changes and you'd like a different batch better, you have it so you can make it again.

That's what this is for, to go back and check stuff out.

Whew.

What an awesome day.

We got to make lots of things.

It was wonderful, marvelous, vibrant, stupendous, extravagante, (speaking in foreign language) (lips smacks) magnificente.

And most importantly, colorful.

We got to explore color by mixing our own watercolors.

We got to explore colors by using flashlights and mixing light together.

And we got to use color when we made our color wheels that spin and mix those colors together and we can see the new patterns we created.

Try it.

Have fun.

Keep learning, keep exploring, keep having fun and remember, science is wherever you are.

Oh, check this out.

(upbeat music) The purple's actually purple now.

How awesome is that?

See ya.

♪ It's science time ♪ So that we can capture amazing and beautipul.

Beautipul.

Yeah.

Lot of mix and mix, mix, mix, mix.

That's why I just said that.

So for (mumbling).

(upbeat music) (chuckles) I don't know what I just said.

Science is the love of my light.

Love of my light.

(chuckles) It was fabulous.

(laughs) It's cool 'cause the moment it hits, it connects.

I know it's a shadow but it's really cool.