(relaxed electronic music) [Mister C] What time is it?

-It's "Science Time."

-"Science Time."

♪ Whoa, it's Science, Science, Science Time ♪ ♪ Let's all stop and just unwind ♪ ♪ One, two, three, four, here we go ♪ ♪ Learn so much, your brain explodes ♪ ♪ Lessons so cool, so fresh ♪ ♪ Beats so big, you'll lose your breathe ♪ ♪ Learning packs of real cool stuff ♪ ♪ Scrape a monkey, get enough ♪ ♪ It's, it's Science Time ♪ ♪ It's fun, you best believe ♪ ♪ Explore and learn new things ♪ ♪ Come and join me please ♪ I'm Mister C and this super smart group is my Science Crew.

Working together with my crew makes learning so much fun.

Actually, you should join us.

Let's give science a try with a simple DIY.

Today, we're learning about simple machines.

What time is it?

-It's "Science Time."

-"Science Time."

Ah, inclined planes and ramps.

Simple machines.

All right, here we go.

Bring that down and pull back on the lever.

(whoosh) Whoa.

(laughs) Hey everybody, welcome back to "DIY Science Time."

My name's Mister C and I'm super excited to have you here to be part of our Science Crew today.

Today, we're talking about simple machines.

That's right, machines that make our life more simple like ramps or inclined planes.

Levers like on this catapult that can fire a ping pong ball.

Pew.

(laughs) Scissors which have levers and a wedge which is able to cut through paper easily.

Then we have things like this which include a wheel and axle where I can take a ping pong ball, place it in the bucket and I can lift the ping pong ball straight up.

Perfect, look at that.

Now I have another ping pong ball and I can take it and I can fire it right at the camera.

(laughs) And lastly, you need to pull together some materials like I'm gonna pull against this pulley so that we can learn about simple machines today.

Pretty cool, right?

Let's get ready to work.

Today's activity will give us an advantage, a mechanical advantage.

Grab the following items to build yourself a catapult.

Thick craft sticks, scissors, hot glue, straws, rubber bands and remember, keep it simple and grab your stupendous science notebook.

A science notebook is a tool that every scientist should have because it gives us a place to record all of our learning.

Taking notes and being organized allows us to be better scientists.

A science notebook allows us to go back and review all of the data and information we've gathered during our experiments.

Plus, it allows us to share results with other scientists who might be interested in learning more about what we've discovered.

Whenever you see the notebook pop up on the screen like this, it's a reminder that this is a good place for us to jot down new information during the show.

I've already added a title and a list of materials for today's activity but our crew is still going to have lots of information to collect and organize as we go through our experiments.

Most importantly, the more you use a science notebook, the better you'll get at taking notes and recording data.

If you don't have a science notebook already, download a copy of Mister C's science notebook from the website.

If we have to do work, we might as well find a way to make it easier.

Meet our simple machines.

Pulleys help us lift and move items in different directions.

Wedges can be used to chop things in half.

Inclined planes allow us to move from one level to another level.

Levers allow us to lift objects.

Wheels and axles give us the chance to travel down the road and screws allow us to close lids on jars.

All of these simple machines give us mechanical advantages to make life easier.

Snow lifts may look complicated but they really are simple.

A motor turns gears that pull a cable up and then back down the slope in a giant loop.

Skiers can easily hop onto the cable cars dangling from the cable to catch a ride.

What a fun way to get to the top of the mountain.

This group of simple machines can all work together to move hundreds of skiers at a time.

All right, bro, throw on your helmet, we're ready to shred.

(upbeat electronic music) This here was the catapult you saw at the beginning of the show.

It's really simple.

(laughs) Get it?

This simple machine right here uses one craft stick on top of this bridge of crafts sticks and it's connected with this rubber band and so when I pull down on it, this lever, all of the energy gets stored and when I release it, the lever pulls back up and it catapults and it shoots the ping pong ball forward.

This here is the fulcrum, it's the pivot point.

So what we're going to do is instead of having a simple catapult like this, we're going to build a more complex catapult that uses two simple machines, which makes this next build a compound machine.

That's right, a compound machine which uses more than one simple machine.

First things first, you're going to grab two craft sticks and you're going to glue them like this so we have a little bit of a cross so we have a gap so that we can actually lay something there in the future.

Now we want the opposite side to be exactly the same.

So I'm gonna lay this here.

I'm not gluing it to it, I'm just gonna use it as a guide and now I have two sets that are exactly the same.

The next thing we have to do is start building our base.

I'm going to take a craft stick, take a bead of glue, glue this to there.

(relaxed electronic music) Here you can see I have a really good base and this base is going to provide lots of stability and structure to our catapult.

Now it's time to add on the sides.

We're gonna bring a crossbeam over the center.

I'm gonna make that in yellow and I'm gonna do the same thing on the backside and now we have to actually add the wheel and axle so that we can add the lever ao we can fire ping pong balls or cotton balls or grapes or whatever you have at home.

So we're gonna use a straw for this.

We're gonna cut off about two inches of the straw and we're going to use a skewer stick.

We're gonna put the straw onto the skewer stick and we're going to then glue this down so that it's firm but then this can still spin and that's what's going to give us that action for the lever to be able to swing back and forth.

And now we're going to add our lever to our catapult.

So we're gonna glue this down here and I'm just gonna start with a little bit of glue and that way, it's going to be able to dry and then I'll add more glue to make it really sturdy 'cause we don't want this to break off.

-(relaxed electronic music) -(soft electronic chimes) I added a small piece of craft stick to the end of my lever so that the rubber band has a place to attach to.

And now we take a rubber band and we connect it to the catapult so we have something to give it some power.

(soft electronic chime) Loop it around and you're gonna go up and through and you're gonna pull it right there over that part and that's going to hold it in place so that when you pull it, oh (laughs) yes.

Now right now, it's gonna be really difficult for us to actually fire a ping pong ball from here because there's nothing to hold the ping pong ball in place.

(ping pong ball clacks) So what we need to do is we're gonna take our straw and we're just gonna build like a little box around the top of that so that it's able to kind of cup the ping pong ball.

It looks like it's gonna work.

We have our lever which is being pulled back here and then we have our wheel in our axle.

So this here is acting like the wheel in the axle.

It's allowing it to spin around the axle which allows us to get this extra leverage.

When you let go, pew, oh, and it also kicks up.

So we might have to stabilize it but let's see if this works.

Let's try a ping pong ball first.

(relaxed electronic music) -(ping pong ball clacks) -Okay.

But I also have these corks and what I like about these is that they are gonna fit in here a little bit better.

So when I let this one go, oh yeah, that's awesome.

So it's wanting to fling it like straight out.

Let's see here.

-(ping pong ball clacks) -(Mister C laughs) That was cool.

That was so cool.

So the cork actually works really good.

So I can pull that back, I can load it, I can put the load into my catapult and I can fire it.

I can load it back.

I can fire it.

Whoa, that's so cool.

I can load it back.

(relaxed electronic music) Pew.

So it's like flinging it straight up.

So I'm gonna borrow this spoon from here and this is the cool thing about this.

You can actually make adjustments and make changes.

You could actually add another rubber band to the bottom also to make it stronger if you wanted to give it more tension.

I'm going to hot glue this up here really quick.

I just wanna see what it does.

So I'm gonna extend my lever because right now, oh, it slowed it down a lot.

You see how it's not flipping as much or quickly?

Pew.

So we're gonna see what it does.

Boom.

(laughs) So adding the spoon adds additional weight which causes the lever not to go as quickly which causes my cork to not fly as far but the ping pong ball is lighter.

So let's see what that does.

Pew.

So it works, it's a little bit slower.

So I'm gonna make some adjustments but this is a really cool thing, simple machines.

We've got our lever, we've got our wheel and axle and you can have fun building and adjusting this.

So I'm gonna add more rubber bands to it and at the end of the show, I'm going to try it with some thicker rubber bands to see if we can actually catapult our ping pong balls and our corks a little farther.

(upbeat electronic music) (upbeat electronic music continues) All right, I'm here with my Science Crew and we are going to do a little bit of tug-of-war with this ginormous lever.

You guys think you can beat me?

-Yeah!

-Not possible.

All right, the giant lever put to the test in three, two, one.

(grunts) How'd you do it?

[Science Crew] It's so simple!

(distorted grunt) That's so not fair, there's six of you.

-Career Connections.

-(air horn blares) My name is Scott Cornell and I'm the Director of Engineering here at Genesis Rescue.

I've had a lot of different jobs from co-ops working with lasers to designing racks for the chrome plating industry all the way to now working with extrication tools, designing, manufacturing and assembling them and helping with that whole process here at Genesis Rescue.

All right, so this is our tool line at Genesis.

We have the cutter right here, we have the ram, we have the spreader and we have the combi tool.

So as the names kind of imply, the cutter cuts, the ram pushes in a linear fashion, the spreader spreads and the combi tool is actually a combination of the spreader and the cutter in one and this is where we test out the tools, some of the newer tools we have and we also have people come in and do training here at our location in Kettering, Ohio.

Wait, so I'm gonna get to cut something?

You are gonna get to cut something today, my friend.

-Yeah, let's go.

-So let's check out the cutters and the spreaders and the rams.

All right Mister C, power that tool on by hitting the red action button.

(cutter buzzes) And then you're gonna lift it up.

So you want to cradle it.

Yep, just like that and then slide it right into here.

-From the side?

-Just from the front.

It's gonna naturally walk in one direction, you'll feel it.

So you'll feel it grip and just, yep, let it walk with you.

Now hold on, hold on.

You notice, hold on.

You notice it's gonna walk you that way, right?

Yeah.

So where do you not want to be?

I don't wanna be here because- [Scott] All right, let's move you to the other side.

-So go ahead, come on around.

-Oh, that's cool.

[Scott] Yep, and just go ahead.

(cutter buzzes) And then go ahead and complete that cut.

You're just gonna hold it full force and you're gonna feel it pop once it goes.

Just keep holding it, keep holding it.

Keep holding it.

-(post pops) -There it is.

Oh, that was awesome.

And what's amazing is just this one trigger button -cuts this B-frame, right?

-B-post.

B-post right apart.

Oh, that's awesome.

We start in the computer usually designing the components and with that we use SolidWorks.

It's a 3D modeling software, it's a CAD package and with that we'll design the components, we'll program them for the CNC machines and then you go from a digital to a real life physical part.

With that, you have to communicate to the manufacturing department tolerances.

So how precise does that part need to be?

What are the critical dimensions?

What dimensions do you have to measure to make sure this part meets the specifications?

And communicate that to the manufacturing shop.

So I design it in a 3D world but I have to move that into a physical space and the way we do that is by making drawings and prints, by reprogramming the CNC machines with a CAM software and that gives the code that then goes to the machine.

So this is an example of one of our prints and it starts in a raw stock form like this.

So this is aluminum.

So we start off at like 2.75 inches and then the final product is 2.69 inches.

So we remove material from the outer diameter and it goes through its first process, turns into this and then it goes through its second process and this is its final form.

You'll notice it's red.

That's because it has an anodized coating to give it that red look.

So this actually plugs into a tube and it's for stabilization and the shape is just to give it that grip.

It's very sharp.

So it'll press into something and hold and not move around.

So this will be the final product.

Our tools are used in the rescue industry.

The rescue industry, you don't get a second chance to do it again.

You're out there at an emergency and you get one shot at it and it is a very high-precision tool that we produce that has to be right every time.

My background helps define what the tool needs to be, from the test procedures we do on it to the high precision of manufacturing that we use when creating it.

So there's a lot of knowledge that I've learned in schooling and just along the way in my career path that lets me leverage that knowledge into making a better tool because it has to be right every time.

Don't get yourself in a pickle.

When you're cooking and need a specific tool, reach for one of the many simple machines found in the kitchen.

Forks are wedges that poke into our food so that we can lift it to eat.

A cheese grater is a wedge used to shred things like cheese.

A can opener brings together four simple machines to open a can, a screw, a lever, a wedge and a wheel and axle.

Those tools for sure make my life easier and tastier.

All right, now the tides have turned.

Are you guys ready to try it again?

[Science Crew] Yeah!

All right, here we go in three, two, one, go.

-(machine clacks) -Oh.

(Mister C laughs) -How did you do it?

-Oh man.

(machine clacks) (kids grunting) (kids laughing) Ah man.

I've added all of our simple machines into our notebook and also added that a compound machine uses two or more simple machines.

Here is a diagram of our pulley system and pictures of tools we've explored so far.

I think we're off to a great start learning the ropes.

Can you think of any more simple machines to add to our list?

We're all familiar with this next simple machine.

It's the screw.

Screws are used in tools like outside when you're digging a hole, they can be found on the tip of an auger.

You can also find screws on jars like this.

You can unscrew it, screw it back together and keep things in here nice and tight and secure.

We also have screws.

If we look real closely, screws are a wedge wrapped with an inclined plane.

We can see this screw has a pointy tip to wedge itself into the wood and then the inclined planes around the wedge pull the objects together.

Screws like this are found all over the place.

We use it to build homes, we use it to tie wood together.

But have you ever heard of a thing called an Archimedes' screw?

Well, that is what we're going to build today and it is a tool that is used to move water from a lower area to a higher area.

But it uses a screw and we're gonna be using this PVC pipe and some hose to create this.

It's pretty simple and it's lots of fun.

Let's work together and get it done, let's go.

This PVC pipe is going to get wrapped around this hose.

Now this hose doesn't want to really flex very easily and it's gonna take some work to get it into place.

So what I'm going to do is I'm going to use pieces of tape and I'm going to basically get my hose the way I want it set up all the way down the PVC pipe and then I'm gonna come back and I'm gonna glue it because I want the screw part on the outside to be consistent.

So I wanna have that consistent feel.

So I want them spaced about the same.

I want to keep them about the same angle and that's going to allow me to move water up there successfully.

The tape helps a lot.

And then I'm gonna cut it off right here because this is the end of it and now I'm gonna go back in and now I'm gonna start to glue them.

-(soft electronic chimes) -(upbeat guitar music) (soft electronic chimes) (upbeat guitar, electronic music) (soft electronic chimes) All right, I've got it all glued.

I've got my tape in place to keep a few of the spots that are wanting to bounce off in place but I think we're gonna let this cool, we're gonna get picked up and then we're gonna move some water from this container to this container using our Archimedes' screw.

-(bell dings) -We have our water, we've got our Archimedes' screw and now we're going to move water from this lower level here in this pond up to here where we need the water and we're gonna see if this actually works.

Here we go, simple machine to the test.

Let's do it this way.

We're gonna dip this side in and we're just gonna rotate.

(relaxed electronic music) It's working.

Oh, we're getting to the top, we're getting to the top.

(Mister C laughs) That's so cool.

And now with every turn.

That is so incredible.

You can see the water moving up and if I lift it up just really quick as it is, we can see, oh, there we go, we can see there's water in all of the tubes and as it pushes the water up and it rotates, it falls into the next tube and it continues all the way up.

That is incredible.

An Archimedes' screw.

You need to build one of these.

But what would happen if you had more spirals?

What if you had more threads on the screw?

What if you had less?

What if you had a larger diameter tube?

There are so many things that you can do to change the variables on this and it's such a fun way to explore this Archimedes' screw because you have the capability of making all sorts of adjustments to transport water more efficiently up a slope into a different pond.

Very cool.

You've gotta build one of these.

Scissors are an essential tool for all of the DIY Science Crew.

But did you know scissors are a great illustration of a compound machine?

Compound machines are built using more than one simple machine to make work easier.

Scissors use levers.

You can see how they pivot at the connected fulcrum and if you look closely at the edges of the blades, there are wedges that work together to slice paper easily.

Now that's what I'd call cutting edge science.

It was such a simple day today.

Wedges, wheel and axles, pulleys, screws, inclined planes and levers.

Simple machines are all around us.

What's your favorite simple machine?

I'm not sure what mine is just yet but I really do love that catapult and how it was a compound machine.

I wonder how far you could make your catapult launch things?

I bet you could find ways to improve Mister C's design.

We've had an amazing day talking about simple machines and there's one more that we still have to talk about.

It's the pulley.

This pulley allows me to change the directional force that I apply to lift something.

See, I can lift something straight off the table or I can pull on this pulley.

-Wow!

-(Mister C laughs) And I can bring my "DIY Science Time" notebook right up to me and if you don't have one yet, hop online and download it.

It's a great way to keep track of all the information when you're doing experiments and (palms squeaking) have you been wondering what was inside of this box and why it was hanging in the back of the room?

-Hmm.

-Well, let me show you.

This is the mystery box and if I pull this right one here, well, your left, the left string, -(canned audience gasps) -nothing happens.

If I pull the right string, nothing happens.

But if I pull the center string, the mystery box lifts to the sky and I can let it come back down super easily and you might be wondering, whoa, what's going on?

Well let me tell you, it's simple.

That's right, something is happening inside of this box that is so simple that it defies logic and it makes us think it's impossible to be able to pull down on something to make it go up.

But based on what we just saw with that notebook, check this out.

If I open this up, it is that simple, literally.

I used a washer up here and it's acting like a pulley.

I attached a string here which allows this washer to grab onto it and when I pull here, it lifts everything up just like that.

-Wow!

-Isn't that cool?

You can build one of these.

You can hang it in your room, trick friends and family but most importantly, you'll know how simple it is to build a mystery box to hang at your house.

Awesome day, awesome fun learning with everyone.

I loved it.

So with that, I want to say keep learning, keep exploring, keep having fun.

-(Mister C laughs) -It's Science Time.

And remember science and simple machines is wherever you are.

Take care everybody, see ya, bye.

(upbeat electronic music) (ping pong ball clatters) ♪ It's Science Time ♪ (Mister C laughs) ♪ It's Science Time, it's Science Time ♪ ♪ It's so much fun ♪ This next activity is going to catap, catapult.

♪ It's Science Time ♪ ♪ So you best believe ♪ My glue stick just fell apart.

Now what we have to do, oh, we didn't say a skewer stick in the materials.

♪ We know it's awesome, we know it's great ♪ ♪ It's Science Time ♪ Learning about simple machines.

Pretty simple, right?

Simple, simple, simple, simple, simple.

(laughs)